Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, making prevention and early management critical. During Heart Health Month, physicians at Northside Hospital Heart Institute are emphasizing the importance of understanding cardiovascular risk factors — particularly hypertension — and taking proactive steps to protect long-term heart health.
“Heart disease often develops quietly over time, but the good news is that many of the most serious outcomes are preventable,” said Dr. Fahed Darmoch, a cardiologist with Northside Hospital Heart Institute. “Knowing your risk factors and taking action early can significantly reduce your chances of heart attack or stroke.”
The impact of hypertension
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is one of the most significant contributors to heart disease, stroke and kidney failure. Blood pressure measures the force of blood against artery walls, and when that pressure remains consistently elevated, it can damage blood vessels and vital organs over time.
There are two primary types of hypertension. Primary, or essential, hypertension accounts for approximately 90% to 95% of cases and develops gradually with no identifiable cause. Secondary hypertension results from an underlying condition such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders or certain medications.
Hypertension is often referred to as the “silent killer” because many people experience no symptoms. In more severe cases, symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, chest pain or shortness of breath. Without treatment, uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to serious complications, including heart attack, heart failure, stroke and vision loss.
“Many patients are surprised to learn they have high blood pressure because they feel fine,” Darmoch said. “That’s why routine screenings and regular checkups are so important.”
Risk factors to know
Several factors increase the risk of developing hypertension. Modifiable risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity, high sodium intake, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and chronic stress. Nonmodifiable risk factors include age, family history and ethnicity.
Because many risk factors are within a person’s control, lifestyle changes play a key role in both prevention and treatment.
Managing blood pressure through lifestyle changes
Physicians at Northside Hospital Heart Institute recommend a heart-healthy lifestyle as the foundation of blood pressure management. This includes following the DASH diet, which emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins while limiting saturated fats and sodium. Studies show the DASH diet can lower systolic blood pressure by as much as 8 to 14 mmHg.
Reducing sodium intake is another critical step. Limiting sodium to less than 1,500 milligrams per day can lower blood pressure by approximately 5 to 6 mmHg. Increasing potassium-rich foods, such as bananas and spinach, can further support healthy blood pressure levels.
Maintaining a healthy weight also makes a significant difference. Blood pressure can drop by about 1 mmHg for every kilogram of weight lost, and losing just 5% to 10% of body weight can substantially reduce cardiovascular risk. Regular physical activity, smoking cessation and limiting alcohol intake are also strongly recommended.
“Small, consistent changes — like walking more, eating fresh foods and reducing salt — can lead to meaningful improvements in blood pressure,” Darmoch said. “Those steps add up over time.”
When medication is needed
For some patients, lifestyle changes alone may not be enough. In these cases, physicians may prescribe medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics or calcium channel blockers to help control blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications.
A commitment to heart health
Heart disease is largely preventable, and early action can save lives. Through education, prevention strategies and advanced cardiovascular care, Northside Hospital Heart Institute remains committed to helping patients understand their risks and take meaningful steps toward better heart health.
Patients are encouraged to schedule regular checkups, know their blood pressure numbers and work with their care team to develop a personalized plan for lifelong heart health.
LEARN MORE ABOUT NORTHSIDE HOSPITAL HEART INSTITUTE.
