As we age, our immune system naturally changes, affecting how well we fight infections and recover from illness. Nutrition, sleep, exercise and other lifestyle habits can play a powerful role in how the immune system functions over time. In this Q&A, Dr. Anthony Alfano, a family medicine physician with Northside Primary Care Associates, explains how aging impacts immunity and what older adults can do to stay healthier.
What role does inflammation play in aging and the immune system?
Chronic inflammation accelerates aging by causing damage to organs, which can lead to dysfunction and disease. Organs and body systems that can be affected include the immune system, brain, heart, skin, liver, kidneys and joints.
What are the most common immune system–related conditions in older adults?
The most common immune system–related issues older adults face are a greater susceptibility to infections and a longer time to recover from them. Other issues may include developing an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, increased recovery time from injuries and an increased risk of cancer.
Why are older adults more susceptible to infections?
The primary function of our white blood cells is to respond to pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Over time, we make fewer white blood cells, so they are not as efficient at responding to pathogens, which can lead to infection-like symptoms.
How can I improve my immune system if I have an existing chronic condition, such as diabetes or heart disease?
You should always aim to get adequate sleep every night, exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight if you have an existing chronic condition. These habits are vital to supporting the immune system and managing conditions such as diabetes or heart disease. For example, getting good rest, exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight help support immune function and control blood glucose levels.
How does aging affect the immune system?
Adult aging involves molecular and cellular damage over time. The process is not uniform or linear in progression, and many factors contribute to it. One of the later effects is related to a decreasing number of white blood cells and how efficiently they function.
What lifestyle habits are most important for maintaining a healthy immune system as I age?
The most essential habits include consistent, restful sleep; regular exercise; avoiding tobacco products; minimizing alcohol; maintaining a healthy weight; and eating a nutrient-rich diet without processed foods.
How can I tell if my immune system is weakening as I age?
The signs of a weakening immune system often start subtly and are nonspecific, but may include more frequent infections that seem to linger. Other conditions that may occur later as the immune system weakens include osteoarthritis, COPD, heart disease and others.
Are there any natural remedies that can help boost the immune system as I age?
Yes. Some natural remedies that support a healthy immune system include vitamin D, vitamin C and zinc. Retinol, an active form of vitamin A, is another excellent option.
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